Dynamic fluid flow behaviour of a tank draining through a vertical tube

This paper describes the unsteady draining of a sealed tank partially filled with water. The water discharges via a vertical tube into an open tank at atmospheric conditions. The air inflow, compensating for the volume of the discharged liquid, enters the system in an oscillatory manner, much like the “gulping” seen in an upended beer bottle. A mathematical model, based closly on that derived by Dougall & Kathiresan [Chem. Engng Commun. 8, 289–304 (1981)], has been applied to predict the pressure fluctuations in the closed tank. The rate of water discharge from the tank has been predicted and gives a much closer agreement with experimental results than a prediction based on a steady counter-current flooding limitation approach. A drift flux model has been used to describe the two-phase flow effect in the tube and the Wallis flooding criterion has been modified for use in the slug flow regime to describe the boundary conditions at the bottom of the tube. The pressure fluctuations in the sealed tank have been measured and compared with results obtained from the mathematical prediction for a variety of tube diameters.     

耦合船体横摇的减摇水舱流体运动和减摇效果预测

减摇水舱用于减小船体的横摇运动。由于水舱内部结构复杂,导致流体晃荡呈非线性。为了降低预测水舱特性和减摇效果的难度,采用计算流体力学VOF模型来分析水舱中流体的晃荡,在时域内,运用数值方法完成船体非线性横摇运动的实时仿真,其中耦合了水舱中流体和船体的运动。船体随机横摇时,进行水舱流体流量和力矩的功率谱分析,得到减摇频率范围及减摇前后的效果。结果表明,在其减摇频率范围内,减摇水舱具有良好的减摇能力,验证了此方法的可行性。     

Analysis of acoustic channels with a time-evolving sinusoidal surface

Sea-surface movement in the ocean induces a time-varying acoustic channel which affects underwater system including acoustic communication. For an investigation of surface movement effects on communication channel parameters (delay time, amplitude, etc.), acoustic transmission and reception experiments were conducted in the water tank. The delay time and amplitude of single surface bounce path from the measurement data show periodic time dependence, which is caused by a travelling periodic sinusoidal surface. A ray-based propagation model is applied to the experimental environment to estimate communication channel parameters. A comparison between measurement data and model result permit a physical interpretation of the communication channel parameters. The difference of single surface bounce path delay times from the model and measurement data are within small error bound. The delay times oscillate around the delay time of single surface bounce path when the surface is flat and show the periodic sine function. The amplitudes from the model are in agreement with those from the measurement data except at low amplitude region. Slight angle and frequency dependencies of source and receiver and noise in the water tank account for the disagreement in this region. Since the crest and trough of surface wave respectively make the acoustic energy emitted from the source converge and diverge, the amplitudes have high fluctuation and same phase with the delay time. The ray model is applied to an environment in the ocean. A striation pattern appears in surface reflected signal due to shadow zone on the surface.     

超痕量H_2O_2对MnSO_4-KBrO_3-乙酰丙酮化学振荡体系的扰动

化学振荡波和生物体内的生物振荡及生物形态现象的相似性促使人们认识到生命现象和非生命现象之间遵循着某些相同的规律 ,因而化学振荡反应非线性动力学一直是物理化学研究的热点 [1,2 ] .近年来它在分析化学中的应用使其研究扩展到了一个新的领域 ,但仍停留在 1 0 - 7mol/L的水平上 [3] .显然 ,以这个量去研究包含众多基元反应和反应中间体的振荡反应 ,得到的是数目庞大的反应物种群体行为 ,而这种行为并不足以说明生命现象的猝发病变、代谢功能衰竭及运动寿命终止的原因 .　　我们在研究 H2 O2 对 Mn SO4 - KBr O3-乙酰丙酮宏观振荡规…     

搅拌槽流场特性的大涡模拟研究

采用大涡模型结合气液两相流时均方程,对六直叶圆盘涡轮搅拌槽内的流场特性进行了数值模拟。自由水面的捕捉用VOF(Volume of Fluid)法,用Simplec方法求解控制方程。通过模拟得到了搅拌槽内复杂的双涡旋流场结构、转轮叶端尾涡的发展变化情况以及轴向流速的分布规律。通过对比大涡模拟与RNGκ-ε的计算结果,得知大涡模型能模拟出流场内瞬时旋涡的发展变化过程,反映出挡板的存在破坏了圆形搅拌槽的流通模式,提高了叶片附近的混合效率;桨叶区域湍流呈现明显的各向异性,时均流速存在明显的波动性。从而证明了用大涡模拟探讨搅拌槽内湍流现象及流场结构的可靠性。     

蓄压型液舱用于沿海LNG运输的研究

提出了解决沿海液化天然气运输的一种方案。针对小型LNG船的关键设备蓄压型独立液舱存储液化天然气,进行了理论计算和模拟试验,并对影响液舱压力和运输时间的主要因素进行了研究分析。对LNG运输的时间进行预测,论证了该种小型LNG船在近海或沿海运输的可行性,为开发用于近海运输的小型LNG船,提供了理论依据。     

冰浆在蓄冰槽内的蓄冰特性及其均匀度研究

对动态冰蓄冷中蓄冰槽蓄冰过程的动态特性进行实验研究,分析了影响蓄冰形成富冰层形状变化的参数:入口冰浆流量、固相含量、初始液面高度及入口管布置。分析实验结果,总结实验规律表明:冰浆流量与固相含量对富冰层变形影响较大,其它因素次之;增大上述两参数能够有效提高堆积富冰层的均匀性,提高蓄冰槽的有效利用率。     

Dynamics of dual pontoon floating structure for cage aquaculture in a two-dimensional numerical wave tank

The trend of using floating structures with cage aquaculture is becoming more popular in the open sea. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic properties of a dual pontoon floating structure (DPFS) when attached to a fish net by using physical and numerical models. A two-dimensional (2-D) fully nonlinear numerical wave tank (NWT), based on the boundary element method (BEM), is developed to calculate the wave forces on the DPFS. The wave forces on a fish net system are then evaluated using a modified Morison equation. The comparisons of dynamic behaviors between numerical simulations and experimental measurements on the DPFS show good agreement. Results also display that a fish net system causes the resonant response of body motions and mooring forces to be slightly lower due to the net's damping effect. Finally, for designing the rearing space of cage aquaculture, the influences which net depth and net width have on the DPFS dynamic responses are also presented in this paper.     

基于投影寻踪法的坦克动力舱热工况综合评价

坦克动力舱的结构和布置方案,对于合理地设计主战坦克动力装置、传动装置、冷却系统和动力系统的总体结构具有重要意义.将投影寻踪法应用于某型主战坦克的动力舱不同结构布置方案热工况综合评价中,不但给出了各方案的综合评价排序,同时得到了各评价指标的权重,为找出最佳布置方案,进行正确决策提供科学依据.